KS3+Nutrients+and+food+tests

Appreciate that food groups contains different nutrients =Nutrients= [|Could science improve the nutrition of millions?] from bbc.co.uk

A nutrient is a substance needed by organisms to stay alive and healthy. A healthy human diet involves seven different kinds of nutrient:
 * The seven different kinds of nutrients needed for a healthy diet


 * ===carbohydrates===
 * ===proteins===
 * ===lipids(fats and oils)===
 * ===minerals===
 * ===vitamins===
 * ===dietary fibre===
 * ===water=== || # Balanced diet: A diet that contains the correct amounts of all the necessary nutrients required for healthy growth and activity.
 * 1) Carbohydrate: Food belonging to the food group consisting of sugars, starch and cellulose. It is vital for energy in humans, and is stored as fats if eaten in excess. In plants, carbohydrates are important for photosynthesis. Glucose molecules link together in long chains to make larger molecules such as starch. Carbohydrates contain a large amount of energy that can be released quickly inside the body.
 * 2) Deficiency In the diet: a deficiency happens if there is too little of a particular nutrient.
 * 3) Diet: The type and amount of food consumed by people.
 * 4) Dietary Fibre: The part of food that cannot be digested. It is also called roughage. Cellulose is a carbohydrate which makes up the walls of plant cells. The cellulose in food is known as dietary fibre.
 * 5) Lipids: Fats or oils composed of fatty acids and glycerol. Fats are two kinds, the solid fats produced by animals, such as lard, and the liquid fat or oil produced by plants, such as sunflower oil. Fats are needed for the formation of cell membranes.
 * 6) Minerals: Naturally occurring, inorganic chemical substances such as calcium, iron, potassium, zinc, sodium, magnesium, nitrate and phosphorus for plants. The body needs twenty different minerals to keep healthy. Minerals are necessary for both plant and animal health.
 * 7) Proteins: Organic compound made up of amino acid molecules. One of the three main food groups, proteins are needed by the body for cell growth, to repair and in the formation of tissues and organs. Enzymes are made from proteins.
 * 8) Vitamins: Organic substances which are essential in small amounts to regulate the metabolism and maintain the immune system.
 * 9) Water: It provides support for the cells and accounts for 70% of the body's weight. It carries dissolved materials around the body and helps in controlling body temperature.
 * 10) Enzymes: Chemicals that take part in the reactions for digesting food and in speeding up reactions inside cells. ||
 * Watch[| the seven nutrients video clip] from BBC KS3 BITESIZE || [|Nutrient Glossary] from BBC KS3 BITESIZE ||

[[image:sciencelanguagegallery/Nutrients.jpg width="535" height="271"]]+ **Dietary fibre**
[|Image] from www.aids.gov

A general recommendation for adults is 25-35 grams of dietary fibre per day. Children need fibre too, different amounts depending on the child's age and how much they eat. [|Image] from fibrefacts.com
 * RICH SOURCES OF FIBRE:**
 * **Food** || **Serving Size** || **Fibre** ||
 * All Bran || 1/3 cup || 8.5 g ||
 * Raisin Bran || 1 cup || 5 g ||
 * Familia Swiss Muesli || 1/2 cup || 5 g ||
 * Whole-wheat spaghetti || 1 cup || 4 g ||
 * Corn on the cob || 1 ear || 6 g ||
 * Baked yam || 1 || 7 g ||
 * Large carrot || 1 || 2 g ||
 * Banana || 1 || 4 g ||
 * Strawberries || 1 cup || 4 g ||
 * Apple with skin || 1 || 3 g ||
 * Baked beans || 1 cup || 8 g ||
 * Kidney beans || 1 cup || 7 g ||
 * Split pea soup || 1 cup || 5 g ||
 * Baked potato with skin || 1 || 3 g ||
 * Broccoli || 1 cup || 4 g ||
 * Dried figs || 3 average || 10 g ||

Identify carbohydrates as energy sources State that protein is used for growth and repair. Identify fats/lipids as energy sources and use as insulation Specify further major essentials ( vitamins, minerals, water, and fibre) in the diet Specify minor essentials in the diet

[|Nutrient table] from BBC KS3 BITESIZE [|Nutrients activity] and [|revision tests] from BBC GCSE bitesize [|Meet team vitamin] from TED Ed
 * ~ Nutrient ||~ Use in the body ||~ Good sources ||
 * Carbohydrate || To provide energy || Cereals, bread, pasta, rice and potatoes ||
 * Protein || For growth and repair || Fish, meat, eggs, beans, pulses and dairy products ||
 * Lipids (fats and oils) || To provide energy. Also to store energy in the body and insulate it against the cold. || Butter, oil and nuts ||
 * Minerals || Needed in small amounts to maintain health || Salt, milk (for calcium) and liver (for iron) ||
 * Vitamins || Needed in small amounts to maintain health || Fruit, vegetables, dairy foods ||
 * Dietary fibre || To provide roughage to help to keep the food moving through the gut || Vegetables, bran ||
 * Water || Needed for cells and body fluids || Water, fruit juice, milk ||

Appreciate what is meant by Recommended Daily Allowance To achieve a balanced diet, everyone needs to eat a mixture of different foods in the correct proportions. The amount we need to eat varies from person to person. [|Image from The hunt for healthy food for children at BBC News]

Investigate the relationship between diet and fitness. [|A balanced diet] activity from BBC KS3 BITESIZE [|Balanced diet] from Inteleducation Outline the role of micro-organisms in the breakdown of food production and disease, including the work of Louis Pasteur. = Homework due on 27th October. =

Read the science text 2 page 57 ~ 65 and then answer the 10 questions below.
1. How does yeast make the spongy texture of the bread? Inside the dough the yeast respires and produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that make the dough rise. When bubbles of gas are heated they expand. 2. Give a food example of useful bacteria and what it does in the food process. Yoghurt : Bacteria make milk turn sour Vinegar : Bacteria feed on ethanol make change it into acetic acid. 3. Produce a table of diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. 2. Cholera 3. Typhoid 4. TB 5. Food poisoning || 1. Cold 2. Chicken pox 3. Measles 4. Rabies 5. AIDS || 4. When fruit and vegetable waste from meals is thrown out with the rubbish it ends up in a landfill site covered with other rubbish. Why is it better to use a compost heap if you can? Microorganisms feed on the dead bodies and rot them down. Minerals from the body tissues are released into the soil in the process called decompose and available for plants to take them up in their roots. Microorganisms ensure that the minerals that living bodies need are recycled.
 * Bacterial diseases || Viral diseases ||
 * 1. Diphtheria

5. In Pasteur's first investigarion, how did he make his test fair?

6. Gases mix freely in the air. How did Pasteur's fist experiment show that it was not a gas that caused the broth to go bad?

7. What piece of evidence did Pasteur use when he decided to boil the broths?

8. What did Pasteur use to think of the idea that microorganisms might cause disease in animals and humans?

9. What evidence produced by Pasteur supports the Germ Theory?

10. How has the work of Pasteur helped the way we live today?

Describe the tests for starch and reducing sugar Describe the test for protein Describe a test for fats. [|Food tests from brilliantbiologystudent] [|Diet test] from BBC Bitesize [|Food test] from Inteleducation [|Reducing sugars] from www.ausetute.com = = = For your 'Food tests' lab report = Aim: To test the presence of nutrients in the food. Diagrams: Methods: Results table : Conclusion: Evaluation: Is it a fair test?