plant+structure+and+photosynth

=**Plants**=

Identify the positions and functions of the reproductive parts of plants Structure of a flower image from [| bio1152]
 * Plant Structure **


 * Plant Processes **

//**• Define and describe photosynthesis, and use the word equation.**// Describe similarities and differences in photosynthesis and respiration
 * Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants make food at the presence of __ light __ and chlorphyll.
 * Word equation:** carbon dioxide + water => glucose + oxygen

> (Aerobic respiration is the breaking down of food in the presence of oxygen.)
 * Respiration: The process by which cells in living organisms get __ energy __.
 * Word equation:** glucose + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water

cf) Breathing: The exchange of gases required for respiration involves lungs, gills and stoma. Describe the absorption and transport of water and mineral salts in flowering plants. Explain transpiration as loss of water from stoma
 * = Photosynthesis ||= Respiration ||
 * Makes food || Uses food ||
 * Use carbon dioxide, water, energy(sunlight) || Use glucose, oxygen ||
 * Produce glucose, oxygen || Produce // energy(heat) //, carbon dioxide, water ||
 * Building up process || Building down process ||
 * Takes place only in the presence of light || Takes place all the time ||
 * Carried out in plants only In plants, algae and some bacteria || Carried out in both plants and animalsIn all living things ||

media type="youtube" key="d1lqkp1TJ2I" width="504" height="283"


 * //• Understand the importance of water and mineral salts to plant growth.//**

**Transpiration**

The loss of water by a plant is called **transpiration**. There are two processes involved in this. First, there is **evaporation** of water from the surfaces of the cells into the air spaces in a leaf. Second, the water vapour **diffuses** out of the leaf. 

//Transpiration// is the process of __ water loss __ from plants. W ater evaporates on the surface of spongy and palisade cells and then __ diffuses __ (= spreads out) through stoma out of the leaf. Water is drawn out of the xylem cells inside the leaf to replace what's lost. This acts like a drinking straw as the xylem cells make a **continuous tube** from the leaf, down the stem to the roots, producing a __**f low **__ **of** **water and dissolved minerals** from roots to leaves.

[|Transpiration] from BBC bitesize

Explain how nutrients in the form of mineral ions are taken in by roots. [|Mineral ions taken in by roots] from life of plant blog Define transpiration and describe water loss from leaves //Transpiration// is the process of __ water loss __ //from plants// through stoma. [|Transpiration] from BBC bitesize Revise Photosynthesis

Investigating plants
Plant Glossary

explain the role of seeds/embryos in life cycles Observe the inside of a seed. Image from [|Britannica.com] explain what is meant by pollination and fertilization
 * Plant Reproduction **

[|Pollination and fertilization] from BBC Bitesize media type="custom" key="29320271" Amazing! Giant waterlillies in the Amazon - The Private Life of Plants - David Attenborough - BBC wildlife Published on 9 Feb 2007  [|BBCWorldwide] media type="custom" key="29320363" Plant Reproduction: Methods of Pollination Published on 22 May 2009 [|Encyclopaedia Britannica] [|Pollination and fertilization] from sciencelearn.org.nz What is meant by pollination and fertilization? Please write each definition on your jotter book. Pollination: The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma Fertilization: media type="youtube" key="0UEpq1W9C_E" width="560" height="315" [|Reproductive Cycle of Flower Plants / The Amazing Lives of Plants] from youtube.com

//**• Understand sexual reproduction in flowering plants, including pollination, fertilisation, seed formation and dispersal.**// Give reasons for the dispersal of seeds. Describe some methods of dispersal Image from [|KS3 Seed dispersal RGS Science] Differentiate between wind and insect pollinated flowers wind pollinated flowers insect pollinated flowers Explore how plants need carbon dioxide, water and light for photosynthesis in order to make biomass and oxygen Define and describe photosynthesis State the word equation for photosynthesis show how light is needed to make starch
 * dispersal**: the action or process of __ distributing __ or spreading things over a wide area.
 * Photosynthesis **
 * Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants make food at the presence of __ light __ and chlorphyll.
 * Word equation:** carbon dioxide + water => glucose + oxygen

Outline the links between photosynthesis and respiration in plants. Task: Use the similarities and differences in photosynthesis and respiration and outline the links between the processes in plants.

Sambal's Science Web Photosynthesis
[|Photosynthesis] from BBC bitesize Draw and label the upper/lower/epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and guard cells (stomata) of a transverse section of a leaf Know that the green parts of cells are called chloroplasts. provide evidence that only green parts of plants make starch know that carbon dioxide can enter and oxygen escape through stoma Stomata on lower epidermis leaf Outline the importance of water and mineral salts to plant growth. [|Mineral salts needed in plants] from BBC bitesize [|Magnesium deficiency] in plants from wikipedia [|Plant transport] from BBC bitesize
 * [[image:Leaf cross section.jpg width="521" height="324"]] || [[image:Epidermis.jpg width="489" height="334"]] ||
 * [|Leaf cross section image] from enchantedlearning.com || [| Epidermis image] from wikipedia ||

//Use the text book or internet to label the following tissues;// Upper epidermis, lower epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, vein (label both xylem and phloem), guard cells, stoma there are more chloroplasts here)
 * 1)** In which of the labeled structures, does most of the photosynthesis occur? (hint;


 * 2)** Through what structure does carbon dioxide get into the leaves so photosynthesis can occur?


 * 3)** What is the function of the guard cells?


 * 4)** Of what purpose does the spongy mesophyll serve to the leaf and the process of photosynthesis?


 * 5)** Through which of the labeled structures does water get to the leaves from the roots?

transported to other parts of the plant where they can be used for energy or stored?
 * 6)** Through which of the labeled structures are sugars, that are made during photosynthesis,

Summarise flower adaptations for different animal pollinators! after reading [|Pollination adaptations]
 * 7)** discuss the variations / adaptations that desert plants, water plants, and plants that grow well in shade have in their leaves that allow them to survive in their particular environments.
 * 8)** Write out a balanced equation for photosynthesis:

Describe the effect of light (or lack of) on growing plants. Investigate and explain how to measure rates of photosynthesis Effects of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis from www.reading.ac.uk/virtualexperiments(works in Explorer not in Chrome)



Supporting materials for science investigation report

What would be the effect of increasing the following variables?
 * carbon dioxide concentration : proportionate increase in photosynthesis **
 * light intensity : proportionate increase in photosynthesis up to plateau **
 * temperature : proportionate increase in photosynthesis in certain range **

Which of these would be a limiting factor in a normal warm day? >> carbon dioxide concentration Where in a leaf does photosynthesis mainly occur? How does carbon dioxide get into a leaf? Where / how does oxygen leave a leaf? How does water get into a leaf from the roots? [|Measuring rates of photosynthesis] from saps.org.uk Practical extracted from [|serc.carleton.edu]

Tips for the report The effect of on the rate of photosynthesis. Purpose / Introduction Hypothesis; (use if/ then format) Explain the logic of the stated hypothesis Sketch of the experimental design used. (the sketch should be specific enough so that the experiment could be reproduced exactly as it was set up; include all measurements, angles, label materials / solutions used, wattage and type of light bulbs, etc.) Is the data collected qualitative or quantitative data? discuss The independent variable: The manipulated variable in the experiment is The dependent variable: The responding/data you will collect in the experiment is How was the experiment controlled? Data chart: (you design, label and fill in with data)(you must have enough data to make a graph) Graph of data (obtain a piece of graph paper, make appropriate graph that has a title and is properly labeled, attach graph to this lab report)

Results: Table is required

Discussion / analysis of data: Describe the trend or the pattern you see from the graph you plotted.

Evaluation: 1. Is your experiment a fair test? 2. Is there any factors that affect the accuracy of your results. 3. What can be done to improve this investigation? List possible sources of error and suggest solutions. 4. Is there any experiment you can conduct further to see the rate of photosynthesis?

Findings/Conclusion: State if the hypothesis is correct or not. Describe what you discovered (scienctific reasons for your results) from this investigation. List new questions that could be researched and find application to World environmental issues: (list ideas generated during brainstorming session)

Thank you for sharing your report Alison.