KS3+The+respiratory+system

[|Respiratory system] revision from BBC bitesize [|Respiratory keywords anagram] from springfield.uk.net

Explain why all organisms have to respire All life processes require energy. The energy is stored in food molecules and is released by respiration. Animals require oxygen directly for respiration, to convert fuels in their bodies into energy. The respiration takes place in every cell in the body. [|Aerobic respiration] from BBC bitesize [|Aerobic respiration] from springfield.uk.net

Recognize the role of the leaf in plant respiration The leaf takes carbon dioxide into the plant and releases waste product of oxygen. [|Plant growth]

Compare respiration and burning Respiration needs sugar/glucose and oxygen (unless it's anaerobic respiration) to produce energy. Burning, or combustion, is a reaction between a substance and a gas to release energy. Both respiration and burning use oxidation to release energy. In respiration, oxygen combines with glucose to release energy which can be used in the body. Burning normally occurs in oxygen (in form of O2) to form oxide. However, burning can take place in other gases such as chlorine. In burning, the energy released is in form of heat and light. Both of these reactions are exothermic - both reactions release heat after reacting with oxygen. Respiration produces energy, carbon dioxide and water. Carbon dioxide and water are waste products as they are not needed in the body. In burning, the products include water as well as carbon monoxide (CO) or carbon dioxide (CO2), or both. Other by-products from reactions such as burning fuel and coal, may produce smoke and soot. Respiration is the oxidation of glucose to release energy. [|Respiration and burning] from inteleducation

Recognize that both plants and animals respire Respiration takes place in all living organisms, in both animal and plant cells.

Investigate anaerobic respiration during exercise and in yeast Write the basic equations for anaerobic respiration It is respiration without oxygen. This process occurs when the body cannot get enough oxygen for aerobic respiration to take place. You cannot breathe fast enough to get the oxygen you need to release energy for your muscles when you sprint. The body responds by releasing the energy in a process called anaerobic respiration. There is a build-up of lactic acid in the muscles during vigorous exercise C 6 H 12 //O// 6 → 2C 3 H 6 //O// 3 //+ 2// ATP [|Anaerobic respiration] from BBC bitesize Anaerobic respiration also happens in plant cells and some micro-organisms. Yeast makes bread rise by converting carbohydrates to carbon dioxide. It also produce alcohols such as wine and beer by the process called fermentation. C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2C02 [|Respiration] from inteleducation
 * Glucose → Lactic Acid //+// Energy //(//ATP//)//**
 * Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy**

Recognize the basic components of the respiratory system and state their functions. The function of the respiratory system is to provide a means of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide that meets the needs of the body. Mucus is produced in the lining of the nose makes air moist and also traps bacteria in the air. Blood vessels beneath the nasal lining release heat that worms the air before it passes into the lungs. || The **cilia** are microscopic __ hairs __ which beat backwards and forwards to move the mucus to the top of the trachea where it enters the back of the mouth and is swallowed where it travels through the digestive system and out with the rest of the body's waste. || [|Gas exchange in the lungs] from BBC Bitesize || Each alveolus has a moist lining, a thin wall and is supplied with tiny blood vessels called capillaries. The alveoli form the respiratory surface and __ gaseous __ __ exchange __ takes place on the surface. ||
 * The parts of respiratory system || Basic components || Functions ||
 * 1. The air passages and tubes || 1.1 The nose || Nose hairs trap some of the dust particles in the air.
 * || 1.2 The trachea || The windpipe has two types of cells of **mucus-secreting cells** and **ciliated epithelial cells**. Dust particles and bacteria are trapped in the mucus.
 * || 1.3 The bronchi(b//ronchus//) and bronchioles || Trachea divides into two smaller tubes of bronchi. Bronchi divide into very smaller tubes of bronchioles. ||
 * 2. The air pump || 2.1 The chest wall || The action of the muscles between the ribs moves the ribs. ||
 * || 2.2 The diaphragm || It is a large sheet of muscle attached to the edges of the tenth pair of ribs and backbone. It separates the chest cavity, which contains the lungs and heart, from the lower body cavity, which contains the stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys and female reproductive organs. ||
 * 3. The respiratory surface || 3.1 Alveoli(alveolus)

Explain how gases are exchanged in the lungs by diffusion. Oxygen from the inhaled air dissolves in the moist alveolar lining and moves by diffusion through the walls of the alveolus and the capillary next to it. The oxygen diffuses into the blood and enters the red blood cells, which contain a dark red substance called haemoglobin. The oxygen then combines with the haemoglobin. Carbon dioxide is dissolved in the watery part of the blood called the plasma. It moves by diffusion through the capillary and alveolar walls and changes into a gas as it leaves the moist lining of the alveolus. [|Gas exchange] from intel education [|Alveoli during gas exchange] from springfield.uk.net media type="youtube" key="AJpur6XUiq4" width="504" height="283" Gas exchange from medical institution youtube.com

Explain why it is important of keeping the airways clean ( mucus, ciliated epithelia cells) Even if the air we breathe is dirty or polluted, our respiratory system filters out foreign matter and organisms that enter through the nose and mouth. Tiny hairs called **cilia** protect the nasal passageways and other parts of the respiratory tract, filtering out dust and other particles that enter the nose with the breathed air. Mucus in the trachea traps microbes and cilia move the mucus up and out of the trachea. [|Why do we keep the airways clean?] from BBC Bitesize [|Mucous membrane] from intel education [|Functions of Cilia and Goblet Cells] from youtube = Homework 5th November 2014 due on Monday 10th November. =
 * ** On a piece of A4 paper, research the problems which result from smoking then, **
 * explain and discuss how growth, development, and health can be affected by drugs and disease. ** ||

Extend ideas about breathing and recognise the difference between “breathing and “respiration” [|What happens when you breathe in and breathe out?] from springfield.uk.net [|Experiments to compare Inhaled and Exhaled air] from Intel education
 * Breathing || The movement of air in and out of the lungs. Inspiration and expiration. ||
 * Respiration || The process by which oxygen is taken into the body, transported to the cells and used in a reaction with g__ lucose __ to release e__ nergy . __ . Water and carbon dioxide are produced as waste products. ||

Fill in the blanks ( Breathing and respiration ) All organisms __ respire __ all the times. Respiration releases __ energy __ from food. In humans a lot of this energy is released as heat. The food substance used in respiration is called __ glucose __. The other reactant in respiration is the gas __ oxygen __. The chemical products of respiration are carbon dioxide and __water__. Ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the __ lungs __. The evidence that you produce carbon dioxide can be shown by breathing out into __ limewater __ as it turns from clear to __ milky __. You can show that you breathe out water vapour using __cobalt chloride__ paper that turns from __blue__ to __pink__. The air we breathe out contains more __ carbon dioxide __ and less __ oxygen __ than the air we breathe in. It is also __ warmer __ and cleaner.

Investigate the relationship between exercise and fitness. There is a positive relationship between exercise and fitness. If one exercises frequently their fitness levels will be higher than when they don't partake in exercise. [|Fit for life activity] from BBC Bitesize

Outline the role of micro-organisms in disease, including the work of Louis Pasteur. Micro-organisms or microbes are living organisms that are very small and are only visible with microscope. Micro-organisms are a major cause of disease and infections. Any micro-organism that is capable of causing disease is called a ‘pathogen’. In 1800s, Louis Pasteur demonstrated that micro-organisms are present in and on all kinds of materials. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) showed that the péine disease of silkworms was caused by a protozoan parasite. He was able to use heating methods to destroy micro-organisms and developed methods to prevent micro-organisms from gaining access to heat-treated liquids.

[|Micro-organism and disease] from sielearning.tafensw.edu.au [|What are microorganisms?] from BBC bitesize KS2 [|Outline the role of micro-organisms in diseases.] from Intel education [|Describe how diseases are caused and how to avoid them.] activity from BBC bitesize

**__ Science Learner Profile Project: G8 Report on Problems Affecting the Respiratory System __**//__ (With Integration of ICT subject through students’ individual personal webpage) __// To make a government health info-mercial, which clearly defines a drug, explains the effects of drugs and disease on the growth, development and health of a person and their social and/or scientific implications. || ** Scenario ** As an expert in Respiratory Science, you are assigned to: SSIS Health Advisor || ** Product **
 * ** Goal **
 * 1) Discuss how drugs and disease can affect growth, development, and health.
 * 2) Explain and research the problems, which result from smoking or other activities that affect the respiratory system. ||
 * ** Role **

Using your ICT website, create a page lay-out on your Science page including a video to encourage students to maintain a healthy respiratory system to be completed by Wednesday, 12th November 2014. 3 class periods will be given for the project and it will count for 10% of Trimester 1 grade. || Your classmates.
 * ** Audience **

//You should assume G7 & 8 scientific understanding, although you will still need to define and explain issue-relevant terminology and concepts//. || ** Instructions ** A successful project should contain Each student must also evaluate, discuss and provide feedback on the video reports of their classmates. ||
 * Webpage layout should include voiceover /pictures /videos/animations.
 * Video and related animations should be 3- 5 minutes in length.
 * Each student must reflect on how they used the SSIS Learner Profile in completing their projects
 * Must cite at least 3 resources used including books from our library

Choosing a drug or a disease that affects the respiratory system:
The following sites are just a few links to potential sources of inspiration:
 * **__ Tobacco Smoke __**
 * 1) Explain and research the problems, which results from tobacco smoking.
 * 2) Discuss how tobacco smoke affects human growth, development, and health. || **__ TB __**
 * 3) Explain and research the problems, which results from using fake fragrances.
 * 4) Discuss how tuberculosis affects human health, growth and development. ||
 * **__ Emphysema __** || **__ Pneumonia __** ||
 * # Explain and research the problems, which results from Emphysema.
 * 1) Discuss how emphysema affects human growth, development and health. || # Explain and research the problems ,which results from pneumonia.
 * 2) Discuss how pneumonia affects human growth, development and health. ||
 * [|Explain the problems which result from smoking.]
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