Introducing+science

All work should have the date and a title, both should be underlined.

Learning objectives (LO): To identify dangers in a science laboratory
Safety in Science/ Mr. Bean
 * Starter Activity:**

other p e ople
S C  I  E  N  C  E ​
 * Can you now do one for:**

Activity 1:
•Look at the workbook p.1 and circle all the dangerous activities the students are doing. •For every dangerous activity you circle write a rule in your book about what you should do to stay safe in a science laboratory

List at least 10 laboratory rules after reading your text page 15.
1. 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.  7.  8.  9.  10.

To design a science safety poster ( group work )

 * Starter: Warning signs [[file:traffic_hazard_signs.doc]]**
 * Activity 1:**
 * Q1. What are the hazard symbols? (They are found on containers of chemicals.)**

Hazard symbols for KS3


 * Draw the hazard symbols and label them in the table below. **
 * [[image:Biohazard.png]] || [[image:corrosive.gif]] || [[image:harmful.gif]] || [[image:explosive.png]] || [[image:highly flammable.gif]] ||
 * biohazard || corrosive || harmful || explosive || highly flammable ||
 * [[image:toxic.gif]] || [[image:radioactive.png]] || [[image:irritant.gif]] || [[image:oxidising.gif]] || [[image:Environmental_Hazard.png]] ||
 * toxic || radioactive || irritant || oxidising || environmental hazard ||

or blistering of the skin. ||
 * Explain the terms below in the table **
 * Oxidising || The substance provides oxygen. Other materials will burn more fiercely in its presence. ||
 * Irritant || The substance is not corrosive but may cause reddening, irritation
 * Corrosive || The substance will attack and destroy living tissue, including the skin and eyes. ||
 * Harmful || Similar to toxic but less dangerous. ||
 * Toxic || The substance is poisonous and can kill.

Possible routes into the body are breathing, swallowing and absorption through the skin. ||
 * Highly Flammable || The substance will catch fire easily. ||
 * Radioactive || These substances are radioactive which can damage cells and cause cancer. ||
 * Biohazard || These are living organisms that may cause infection. ||
 * Environmental hazard || There substances damage or pollute the environment. ||
 * Explosive || A substance that can catch fire easily with a flame or heat. It can explode due to friction or shock. ||

[|KS3-GCSE matching pair Quiz on "Hazard Warning symbols"]

Activity: Design a science safety poster in your group.
Your work will be evaluated by 4 criteria as below. 1. **Information** on Safety and hazards symbols in a science lab. 2. Design of your poster should be **eye catching**!!! 3. **Creativity** 4. Collaboration on the poster from each member of your group.


 * **Criteria** || A* || A || B || C || D || E || Any improvement points. ||
 * **Information** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **Eye catching** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **Creativity** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **Overall** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||

** LO: To understand the process of scientific enquiry and the terminology. **



 * Activity: Take notes of your understanding on making a scientific enquiry after reading the text p.6 ~ 9.**

1. What do scientists do to check the results of investigations? >> They check the results of investigations by repeating them. 2. What do scientists do to try an idea for an investigation when there is no equipment? >> They make equipment for their investigations. __Homework: Complete the table below.__
 * Answer the questions below after reading the text p.12 ~ 13.**

Terminology / Science words
A proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations || A variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value depends on the independent variable || Mr. Edmonds - The scientific method song
 * Term || Term used in a practical report ||
 * survey || A detailed inspection or investigation ||
 * opinion || A judgment or belief not founded on certainty or proof ||
 * fact || Knowledge or information based on real occurrences ||
 * hypothesis || A suggested explanation for phenomena
 * dependent variable || The observed variable in an experiment. What you change will determine the value of your results.
 * independent variable || A manipulated variable in an experiment ||
 * controlled variable || Variables that you keep constant ||
 * apparatus || A collection of equipment used for a particular purpose ||
 * Procedure/Method || It is how you do an experiment. ||
 * measuring || quantitative determination using device ||
 * conclusion || A statement that does validly follow from given premises ||
 * fair test || A test that is consistent with rules, logic ||
 * discrete data || A separate data. ex) Gender of students in G7 Ruby ||
 * continuous data || Uninterrupted data in time, sequence, substance, or extent. ex) Height of students in G7 Amber ||

To safety use a Bunsen burner
Is this what you are going to draw for your diagram in a science investigation? ||
 * Activity 1: **
 * Draw parts of a Bunsen burner and their functions in your book.**
 * [[image:bunsen burner2.jpg width="439" height="570"]]

Parts of a Bunsen burner and their functions
You do not want to touch the chimney as it can be really really really hot!!!! || 1. Diagrams should be 2D and drawn with a pencil and a ruler and not shaded. (Diagrams should takes up at least 5 cm height or 5 to 6 lines of your book so it can show a clear idea of how to set up your experiment to readers.)
 * **when drawing diagrams for a science experiment;**

2. Use a pencil, a pen and a ruler.

3. You should always full label a diagram.(Draw the diagram as simple as it can be then label each part.)

4.The names of the equipment should be written in pen. || Q1. Can you name all the lab equipment on your desk? Q2. Work in groups. Discuss and complete the workbook p.3
 * Activity2:**

Q3.Which type of flame is better for heating?

>>A non-luminous/ORANGE flame is used for heating as it is hotter than a luminous flame.

Q4.Which colour flame should the Bunsen burner have when not heating something?

Q5. Why do we use this colour?

Q6. What type of flame do we use when using the Bunsen burner?

Q7. What do we do when we have finished using the Bunsen burner?

LO: To find variables in an investigation.
Mr. Edmonds - The variables song


 * To investigate if temperature of water affects the time taken dissolving food dye.**

__Question__ Is the speed of water molecules different in hot and cold water?

__Apparatus__ Hot water in a beaker, Ice/Cold water in a beaker, Food colour(yellow and blue), Dropper, Stopwatch

__Method__ 1. With the help of your partners, use droppers to carefully place 1 drop of each food colouring into both the hot and cold water at the same time. 2. Allow the colours to mix on their own as you watch them and measure the time taken to mix completely.

__Observation__ 1. What is the independent and dependent variable?

2. There were several variables in this experiment: Pick variables that should be kept the same. Explain why you made sure it was kept the same in the two cups.
 * Amount of water in each cup
 * Type of cup used
 * Number of drops of food colouring
 * When the colouring was added to the water

3. What the colours looked like and how they moved and mixed in both hot and cold water?

4. What does the speed of the mixing colours tell you about the speed of the molecules in hot and cold water?

To understand floating and sinking.
Density from Eureka Episode Image from http://erinschumacher.com

HOMEWORK: Due by 17th Sep. Thursday * Calculate the density of the following materials.

a. A piece of wood, whose volume is 2 cm 3 and mass is 1.3g.

b. A piece of steel, whose volume is 8 cm 3 and mass is 64g.

c. A piece of glass, whose volume is 20 cm 3 and mass is 52g.

d. A piece of cork, whose volume is 200 cm 3 and mass is 48g.

e. Find out which of the above materials will float in water. Can you see a pattern?

f. Using the following data table, plot a dot graph and draw the line of best-fit on the graph. Calculate the density of the substance-- show this work at the back of your graph. Can you estimate the mass of 7ml of the substance and write your answer in the data table.
 * Volume/ml || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || 10 || 11 ||
 * Mass/g || 2 || 5 || 7 || 11 || 12 || 14 ||  || 20 || 22 || 25 ||   ||




 * Practical assessment: Measuring density of different materials.


 * Aim: To investigate the density of different substances**
 * Hypothesis: The heavier the object, __the__ __greater __ the density is. **


 * Apparatus: **


 * Diagram: **

__**A. Regular solid **__ 1. Measure the mass of the object(cube) using an electronic balance. 2. Measure the length, the width, the height and calculate the volume. 3. Calculate the density of the cuboid in g/cm 3
 * Method: **

__**B. Irregular solid **__ 1. Measure the mass of the object(a piece of a rock) using an electronic balance. 2. Measure the volume of 50ml water in a measuring cylinder. 3. Drop the rock into the measuring cylinder and measure the level of water. 4. Calculate the difference to find the volume of the rock. 5. Calculate the density of the rock in g/ml

__**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">C. Liquid - Milk **__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1. Measure the mass of a measuring cylinder using an electronic balance. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Press the "tare" button to make it zero before placing it on the electronic balance. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. Add 50ml milk into the measuring cylinder and find the mass of milk. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3. Calculate the density of mass in g/ml

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Results in a table:**
 * || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Wood cuboid || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Metal cuboid || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Rock || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Milk ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mass(g) ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Volume( cm3) ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Density(g/cm3 or g/ml) ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Conclusion: **

REVISION G7

1. List 5 safety precautions that we need to take in the Lab.

2. Draw 10 Lab apparatus and state their function

3. Draw a 10 cm3 measuring cylinder for each. The cylinder has each 1cm3 divided into 10 divisions. Show the following water levels:

a. 9.5 cm3 b. 7.2 cm3 c. 4.4 cm3 d. 3.0 cm3

4. Calculate the density of the following:

a. A cube of side 3 cm and mass of 27 g

b. A piece of wood of mass 48 g and volume 120 cm3

5. Somansi performed an experiment to check how density changed when using cubes of different masses. The cubes had the same volume.

a. Independent variable:

b. Dependent variable:

c. 3 controlled variable:

d. Draw a blank data table

e. Draw a blank graph with a title and axes labelled.

To chart temperatures by taking a range of readings and record them appropriately.
Mr. Edmonds - The scientific method song, The variables song
 * Activity: Heating ice on a Bunsen burner. Plot a graph and add the line of best fit. Explain the trend line.**

LO: To plan and carry out scientific investigations.
1. Fill a test-tube about one-third full with tap water. 2. Hold the test-tube with a test-tube holder. The test-tube holder should be about 1 cm below the top of the test-tube. 3. Hold the test-tube at an angle of about 45° 4. Heat the test-tube using an orange flame.
 * Lab Activity 1; Science Lab**
 * Heating**

1.Do not point the test-tube at yourself or anyone else while heating. 2.Do not look into the test-tube while heating. 3.Move the test-tube in and out of the flame occasionally to avoid overheating one part of the test-tube. Stir the contents frequently.
 * Caution:**




 * Time (min) || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || 10 || 11 || 12 || 13 || 14 || 15 || ... || 25 ||
 * Temperature (°C) || 0 ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||

** MELTING ICE **

To make accurate measurement of the temperature of ice once every minute
 * Aim **


 * Hypothesis**
 * Independent variable**
 * Dependent variable**


 * Apparatus**

**Diagram**

**Method**

1. Measure the temperature of ice water for 5 minutes before heating it.

2. Use a gentle flame but still blue, not orange.

3. Continue recording the temperature of ice water for another 20 minutes or until it boils.

4. Once it boils take 5 more recordings __per minute__ ( one recording every minute).

**Results**

Graph Plot a graph with the results you recorded and add a line of best fit.

**Conclusion**

Ice changes its state from __ solid (__ ice) t**o** __ liquid __ **(**water) by the process of ........................... as the temperature increases.

Water changes its state from __ liquid __ (water) **to** __ gas __ (steam) by the process of ......................... by the application of heat from a Bunsen burner.

Steam also changes state to water by the process of ........................... and water goes back to state of ice by as the temperature decreases.

What is your independent variable? What is your dependent variable? What is your controlled variable? What change of temperature will you expect while boiling water? Explain your answer using the word energy.