KS3+Cells+Reproduction+and+Inheritance

G7 Science learner project on cell diseases
Due on Thursday, 23rd April 2015.

Life processes
Identify the seven characteristics (movement, respiration, sensitivity (irritability), growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrition.) of living things and relate these to a wide range of organisms in the local and wider environment.

The characteristics of living things
MRS GREN Movement Respiration Sensitivity Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition

Extend ideas about eating, moving, sensing, how animals grow, have young and expel waste media type="youtube" key="aynclw6TXeE" width="560" height="315" [|The biology song] [|ColBarnaby] Published on 27 Mar 2009 from youtube.com

State the similarities between a variety of animals and extend the similarities to plants. Distinguish between living (respiration) and non-livings things (viruses?)

Cells can carry out all seven characteristics of __life__ process. They can move __ respire, reporduce __, sense things, grow,__ excrete ___ and need nutrition. When whole animals and plants grow they get bigger. This happens because their cells divide by cell __ division __. One cell can to make two new __ daughter __ cells.

[|Plant cell diagram] from enchantedlearning.com [|Animal cell diagram] from enchantedlearning.com Most biological drawing artists follow the same set of rules. It makes the drawings neat and easy to read. Follow these rules for your biological drawings. 1. Use unlined paper. 2. Always use a pencil. 3. The title should be the common name of the organism. (Example: Wolf) 4. Have a 1" margin on all four sides. 5. Centre the title at the top of the page and print in all capital letters. 6. Never cross labeling lines. All labels written horizontally. 7. Draw the organism as simple as possible. No artistic shading needed. 8. Do very little erasing. No erasing is better. 9. Print your name, date, and period number in the lower right-hand corner. [|A level biology drawing skills]
 * Words bank:
 * reproduce **** plants **** reproduction ** ** sense ** ** smaller **** process **** son ** ** nutrition ** ** two **
 * waste daughter **** divide ** ** bigger ** ** cells ** ** division ** ** excrete ** ** grow ** ** growth ** ||
 * [|Cells (from ck12.org)], tissues, organs and systems **
 * Match the word with the definition **
 * Cell-Membrane || Surrounds the outside of plant cells ||
 * Nucleus || Thin layer that surrounds the cell - controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell ||
 * Cell Wall || Controls what happens in a cell ||
 * Cytoplasm || In plant cells for photosynthesis ||
 * Chloroplasts || Contains sap which keeps the cell firm ||
 * Mitochondira || It converts oxygen and glucose into energy for the cell to use. ||
 * Vacuole || Jelly like part of the cell where chemical reactions occur ||
 * Match the word with the description **
 * 1. Vacuole || 2. It is located inside the nucleus. It produces RNA in the form of ribosomes ||
 * 2. Nucleolus || 6. Digestion is the main function in animal cells. ||
 * 3. Golgi appartus || 3. It prepares proteins and fats that are created in the endoplasmic reticulum for transport to the outside of cell. ||
 * 4. Ribosomes || 7. These assist in the cell division process. ||
 * 5. Chromatin || 5. It is a part of the nucleus that contains most of the DNA of the nucleus. ||
 * 6. Lysosomes || 4. Some of these are attached to the rough ER and are composed of RNA. ||
 * 7. Centrioles || 1. It is filled with fluid and helps to maintain the shape of the cell. Most plant cells only have large vacuole. It helps with digestion by filling with food and waste material in animal cells. ||
 * //Rules for a Biological Drawing//**

Identify the structures present in plant and animal cells as seen with a simple light microscope and/or a computer microscope Observe and recognise chloroplasts

Explain simply the structure of animal and plant cells and make a comparison Appreciate the three dimensional nature of the cell. Draw and label animal and plant cells Observe and recognize chloroplasts [|THE PARTS OF A CELL SONG] [|Jam Campus Education] Published on 6 Mar 2018 || media type="youtube" key="dngsFl2X3nc" width="560" height="315" [|Organelles Song] [|ParrMr] Published on 20 Oct 2013 ||
 * [[image:Animal cell.png width="451" height="335"]] || [[image:Plant cell.png width="363" height="334"]] || media type="youtube" key="NkC9AiJf7gI" width="560" height="315"
 * [|Label the animal cell] from sciencegeek.net || [|Label the plant cell] from sciencegeek.net || [|Cell Structure] [|Nucleus Medical Media] Published on 18 Mar 2015 || [|Cell quiz] from www.softschools.com ||

**Questions** (answer these in full sentences in your books)

What is the collective name for all the small structures in the cell? (the nucleus and the chloroplast are types of these)

What is the name of the [|organelle (videos from ck12.org)] that helps to convert food (starch) to usable energy?

Can you think of something you can make out of light?

Write a sentence to explain to the rest of the class what photosynthesis is, and where it happens.

Recognize mitochondria and briefly state its role in aerobic respiration Oxygen is needed to produce energy by the process called **__a erobic __** respiration in Mitochondria in our cells. glucose + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water : Energy released during the process When the body CANNOT supply the cells with the oxygen and food that they need, then the body must perform **anaerobic respiration**:The release of energy WITHOUT oxygen. It produces lactic acid. glucose => Lactic acid + a little energy [|Interactive animal and plant cells] from cellsalive.com

Understand that cells are specialised according to their function. Give examples of specialized cells ([|sperm, egg], [|red and white blood cells], [|neurone], [|root hair cell], [|palisade mesophyll cell]) and explain how they are adapted to their function Explain how cells are specialized according to their function.



[|Can you name the specialised cells game] from sporcle.com sperm, egg, red and white blood cells, [|neurone] from about.com root hair cell, [|palisade mesophyll cell] from BBC Bitesize [|Specialised cells] from BBC Bitesize [|What exactly is a neurone?] from about.com State that some living organisms are unicellular (amoeba, bacteria) Amoeba is a one-celled organism with pseudopods in the Kingdom of Protista. [|Amoeba] from enchantedlearning.com Bacteria is a single celled organism in the Kingdom of Monera. [|Bacteria] from microbeworld.org

Describe that groups of cells form tissues, groups of tissues form organs and groups of organs form organ systems. Recognise the positions and know the functions of the major organ systems of the human body.

State the position of the major organs in the human body. Science text 1 chapter 2 page 29 to 44 Group organs into systems e.g. the circulatory system. Science text 2 chapter 4 page 46 to 54 Describe the respiratory system and its function Science text 2 chapter 5 page 55 to 63

extend their ideas about breathing and recognise the difference between “breathing and “respiration” Breathing: Exchange of __ gases __. Respiration: Generating __ energy __.

Describe the nervous system and its function. [|Nervous system] from about.com [|Interactive body game] from BBC Science Science text 1 chapter 2 page 41.

BBC Science Revision [|activity] and [|test] for cells

[|Let's make a baby photo] from babygenerator.org [|Baby photo generator] from makemebabies.com [|Baby picture maker] from babypicturemaker.com [|What will your baby look like] from www.luxand.com/babymaker Describe how organisms inherit characteristics from their parents through genetic material that is carried in the cell nuclei. Describe the inheritance of gender in humans (limited to male=XY, female XX) [|Observable human characteristics] from learn.genetics.utah.edu Recall that species show variation. Distinguish between inherited and environmental characteristics. Give examples of inherited characteristics.
 * Inheritance **
 * Genes: A section of DNA that is a sequence of nucleotide bases that determines a single characteristics
 * Genotype: The genetic make-up of an organism
 * Alleles: Different forms of the same gene
 * Mutation: Any change to the genotype caused by change in DNA; can be inherited
 * Dominant Allele: Only need to inherit from one parent to be expressed in the phenotype
 * Recessive Allele: Need to inherit from both parents to be expressed in the phenotype.
 * Co-dominance:If both alleles contribute to the phenotype
 * Phenotype: The observable characteristics of an organism



[|Inherited & environmental] from BBC Bitesize Describe how selective breeding can lead to new varieties. [|Selective breeding] from BBC Bitesize [|Video activity on variation and classification] from BBC Bitesize Discuss the work of Darwin in developing the scientific theory of natural selection. Natural selection and [|Charles Darwin] from brainpop.com Natural selection The process that results in the [|adaptation] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Montserrat,sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"> of an organism to its environment by means of selectively reproducing changes in its genotype, or genetic constitution. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Montserrat,sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">These variations in the genotype that increase an organism’s chances of survival and procreation are preserved and multiplied from generation to generation at the expense of less advantageous ones. Evolution often occurs as a consequence of this process. <span style="background-image: url(">[|Natural selection] from britanica.com


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,freesans,sans-serif; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.4rem; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;">Individuals in a species show a wide range of variation and this variation is because of differences in their <span style="background-color: #ededed; color: #0a80a0; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|genes].
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,freesans,sans-serif; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.4rem; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;">Individuals with characteristics most suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. The genes that allow these individuals to be successful are passed to their offspring.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,freesans,sans-serif; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.4rem; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;">Those that are poorly adapted to their environment are less likely to survive and reproduce. This means that their genes are less likely to be passed on to the next generation.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,freesans,sans-serif; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.4rem; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;">Given time, a species will gradually <span style="background-color: #ededed; color: #0a80a0; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|evolve].
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,freesans,sans-serif; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.4rem; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;">Both genes and the environment can cause variation, but only genetic variation can be passed on to the next generation.
 * [|Natural selection] from BBC GCSE Bitesize**

[|Birth animation] from doereport.com Discuss how conception, growth, development, behaviour and health can be affected by diet, drugs and disease. Science text 2 page 80, 81, 88, 89
 * Human Reproduction **

Describe the human reproductive system, including the menstrual cycle, fertilisation and foetal development. Science text 2 chapter 6 page 64 to 78 [|Amazing race] and An everyday miracle from youtube.com

Answer the following questions on the diagram using the web page below and the worksheet give in class. [|Human Reproduction] from BBC bitesize Q1. Indicate which side is up and down. Q2. Label all the parts in the uterus such as: __1. placent, 2. aminion, 3. amniotic fluid, 4. amniotic sac, 5. foetus, 6. umbilical cord__ Q3. Show the direction of food and oxygen on the umbilical cord. Q4. Show the direction of carbon dioxide and waste product of the foetus on the umbilical cord. Q5. Name at least two harm substances that can pass from a mother to a baby. Q5. Through which mother's body part can harmful substances you have given above pass to her baby? Q6. What is the name given to the time when physical changes occur? Q7. What is a premature baby? Q8. Give one reason why this happens? Q9. Which things should a mother avoid during pregnancy? Explain you answer. Female reproductive system Male reproductive system Plant Reproduction