Chapter+3+Energy+and+fuels

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=**Energy from the Sun**=

Most of the energy resources we use get their energy from the Sun.

There are many kinds of energy resources. Plants carry out __photosynthesis__ to build up their energy stores from the light of the Sun. Our __food__ is the energy resource that our bodies need. We can burn plants. They provide a __biomass__ energy resource. Plants that have been buried in layers underground can turn into coal. Coal is a __fossil__ fuel. Batteries and __solar__ cells provide energy for electric circuits. The energy of the Sun also creates winds. We can use wind __generators__ to take advantage of this energy resource. Energy from the Sun Worksheet Energy Transfer Worksheet
 * Remember**

Energy from energy resources can be transferred from one place to another. Energy is eventually __dissipated__ as __heat.__ Energy in energy resources ultimately comes from the __Sun__.

Measuring energy in food
 * Practical**

Volume, time and temperature
 * Worksheet**

We can measure energy using a unit called a joule. One million __joules__ can also be called one __megajoule.__ We can measure an amount(mass) of coal using a unit called a __gram__ or a unit called a __kilogram__. We can measure an amount(volume) of water using a unit called __millilitre__. __Methane__ is a fuel that many people use at home we can compare the __energy values__ of different fuels by seeing how much they heat water. We have to make sure that we carry out a __fair test__.
 * Fuels**

**Renewable and non-renewable energy resources**
The non-renewable energy resources are the __fossil__ fuels. The 3 __fossil__ fuels are coal, __oil and gas__. To generate electricity these fuels are burnt and the energy drives turbines. Burning fuels releases pollution including __carbon dioxide__ which contributes to global warming. Renewable energy resources include __biomass__, __wind__, __hydroelectric__ and __solar cells__. The energy comes from the Sun and will not run out. Used to burn and create heat or fuel || Quite slow. Creates pollution through the gas it creates. || Quick to start up. || Very expensive/cost a lot to build. Ruins/destroys countryside. ||
 * Non-renewable**
 * Renewable**
 * Energy resource || Advantages || Disadvantages ||
 * Fossil fuels || Cheaper to run, Quick to start up, Easy to run || Makes carbon dioxide, Acid rain. Pollution also causes greenhouse effect and global warming. ||
 * Biomass || Plants and animals' waste.
 * Hydroelectric || No fuel costs.
 * Wind || No fuel costs. || Takes up a lot of space, Creates noise pollution. Annoying and ugly. Unreliable supply of wind. ||
 * Solar || cheap to run. || Expensive. Only works during daytime ||

Smog: a mixture of smoke, fog, and chemical fumes  From [|thepollutionfact.com]  media type="youtube" key="wnjx6KETmi4" width="504" height="377" An inconvenient Truth trailer from youtube

**Global warming:** An increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, especially a sustained increase great enough to cause changes in the global climate. Many scientists believe that the Earth has been in a period of global warming for the past century or more, due in part to the increased production of greenhouse gases related to human activity.

__Rain__ acidified by sulfuric, nitric, and other acids that form when water and sunlight react with sulfur dioxide,nitrogen oxides and other pollutants released by burning fossil fuels. Acid rain can poison lakes, kill forests, and corrode buildings.  from [|acegeography.com]
 * Acid Precipitation: **